๐„๐“๐‡๐ˆ๐Ž๐๐ˆ๐€๐ ๐ƒ๐ˆ๐€๐‹๐Ž๐†๐”๐„ ๐‚๐Ž๐๐…๐„๐‘๐„๐๐‚๐„: ๐€๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ƒ๐š๐ฐ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š ๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐ƒ๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š

๐ƒ๐š๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ– ๐€๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”

The Ethiopian National Dialogue Conference is fast approaching a successful conclusion following over a month of intensive and transformative deliberations. It brought together 4,000 representatives representing 130 million citizens to plan their common future and deliver a more peaceful, stable and prosperous Ethiopia for coming generations. The broad consensus reached through these deliberations creates a firm foundation for constitutional reforms, national reconciliation and democratic stability in the long term.

โ€œAll is well that ends well.โ€

๐Ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ก, ๐ˆ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ก๐š๐ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž โ€“ ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ, ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐š๐œ๐š๐๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ฌ, ๐›๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž, ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ, ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ฌ, ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ โ€“ ๐š๐ฌ๐ค ๐ฆ๐ž ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ก๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž. ๐‡๐จ๐ฐ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ก๐š๐ฉ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐๐ฌ๐œ๐š๐ฉ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š? ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ? ๐–๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง (๐„๐๐ƒ๐‚) ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ? ๐–๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐›๐ž ๐š ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐›๐ž ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ค, ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐žโ€™๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ?

These questions resonate a common misperception and misunderstanding about the capacity and authority of the conference delegates.

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐จ๐›๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ-๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐, ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ž๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฃ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ฒ, ๐ ๐ฎ๐ข๐๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐š๐ญ๐š๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ณ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฌ.

The policy recommendations of the delegates are formal, evidence-based suggestions or proposals for specific courses of action aimed at addressing societal challenges, improving existing systems, or shaping public policy.

In the context of the Dialogue Conference, these recommendations are well-informed and based on careful SWOT analysis of agenda issues as framed by the Commission. The consensus recommendations are distilled from and evaluation of diverse alternatives, cost-benefit analyses and the engagement strategies of competing interests.

Proclamation No. 1265/2021, Art. 21 (2) of the Ethiopian Dialogue Commission mandates โ€œrecommendations have been prepared by Committees and generated in public dialogue forums be submitted to the House of Peoples, Representatives, the Executive organ and other relevant government organs.โ€

This plainly means that the Conference recommendations will be referred to specific government bodies. Legislative recommendations for new laws will be referred to the House of Assembly. Recommendations that require regulatory, administrative procedural changes will be referred to the executive branch; constitutional and major new social/economic programs will be referred jointly to the legislative and executive branches and political parties, among others.

๐‘๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ฌ a ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ, ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ง ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค. ๐ˆ๐ง ๐€๐ง๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ ๐…๐š๐ซ๐ฆ, ๐†๐ž๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐ž ๐Ž๐ซ๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐จ๐›๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ โ€œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ.โ€

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐š๐ฆ๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐š๐๐จ๐ฑ ๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐š๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ž๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐š๐ ๐ž๐ง๐๐š ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ. ๐…๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ, ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ง ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ . ๐ˆ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž, ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ. ๐’๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐›๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐ค๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ฒ; ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐›๐ž ๐ฌ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ ๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐ž. ๐’๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฌ๐จ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฒ ๐๐ž๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐จ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ; ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐›๐ž ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š ๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ค ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง. ๐’๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐œ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž; ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฌ๐จ ๐›๐ซ๐จ๐š๐, ๐ฏ๐š๐ ๐ฎ๐ž, ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฒ ๐œ๐š๐ง๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐›๐ž ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ง. ๐€๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž, ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ-๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ž๐, ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒโ€”๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž ๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐จ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ.

Treating all recommendations as if they were the same would be not only inefficient but dangerous. Prioritization, sequencing, and clarity are not betrayals of the dialogueโ€™s spirit; they are the only way to turn its promises into practice.

๐ˆ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ง๐จ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ. ๐ˆ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐ž๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ซ๐š๐Ÿ๐ญ ๐›๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ž๐ง๐š๐œ๐ญ ๐ž๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ž๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐›๐จ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ.

๐๐ž๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ง๐จr ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐šs ๐š๐ง๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ, ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐จ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ก๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ž๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ฒ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ญ๐ž๐.

๐“๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ, ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ. ๐‘๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š๐๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐žโ€”๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š ๐›๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ฏ๐š๐ฅ๐ฎ๐š๐ญ๐ž, ๐š๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ญ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก๐ž๐ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ฅ ๐œ๐ก๐š๐ง๐ง๐ž๐ฅ๐ฌ.

It must nonetheless be underscored that the recommendations of the delegates carry great weight and influence on all policymakers. The core recommendations of the delegates will have massive impact in resolving the numerous issues and problems identified as agenda pillars established by the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission:

โ€ข State Building: Unification of national identity, historiography, social cohesion, and linguistic policies.

โ€ข Structure and Form of Government: Definition of power sharing between federal and state levels, constitutional governance and right to self-determination.

โ€ข Status of Federal Cities: Determination of governance and administration of Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa.

โ€ข Religious affairs: Promotion of harmony, inter-state relations and equality between religious communities.

โ€ข Institutional Building, Rule of Law & Human Rights: Judicial independence and protection of fundamental rights.

โ€ข Socio-Economic Affairs: Promotion of balanced growth, social security, and land ownership rights of farmers and pastoralist communities.

โ€ข Anti-Corruption and Good Governance: Promotion of trust in institutions, transparency, and accountability.

โ€ข Peace building: Promotion of sustainable peace mechanism, transitional justice, and national reconciliation.

The ENDC has announced several 500-delegate agenda groups have achieved consensus and signed their respective documents. The rest are expected to do the same in the next few days.

In order to transform deliberation into actual structural change, the conference delegates work under clearly defined multi-level consensus mechanisms based on Proclamation No. 1265/2021:

1. Working Group Consensus: Within each 500-member thematic group, participants officially agree to the proposals put forward, duly documented and certified by professional rapporteurs.

2. Built-in Dispute Resolution: In case of deadlocks, the 300+ member Kilil Representatives Group intervenes to mediate between federal and regional sides and then return the problem back to the assembly.

3. Technical Synthesis: Expert committees synthesize officially agreed proposals within all 8 pillars to reconcile overlaps and consolidate the final document.

4. Final Plenary Endorsement: The synthesized recommendations are submitted to the 4,000-member plenary assembly for endorsement as a binding national consensus document.

The endorsed document emanating from the 500-delegate groups intended to serve as the basis for future constitutional amendments, balance of executive powers, determination of the status of federal cities, establishment of sustainable peace for all Ethiopians and so on.

I firmly believe the set of recommendations generated by the Conference delegates will be taken with the utmost seriousness by all government branches and organs.

In his welcoming and inaugural speech, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed reminded and urged conference delegates to look at the task before them as service to the coming generations and not a mere political event limited to solving contemporary problems. In his view, the dialogue offers a historic chance to break Ethiopiaโ€™s recurring cycle of conflict by replacing confrontation with consultation, and zero-sum politics with consensus.

He emphasized the fact that the dialogue process is homegrown and broad-based, drawing on nationwide consultations that represent the views of more than 90 percent of Ethiopians across regions, communities, and the diaspora. He described the process as an exemplary model for Africa and indeed the world. It is possible to heal the wounds of divided societies and through dialogue create the conditions for peace, progress and prosperity.

He also made it clear that the dialogue is not a decision-making body in itself; its role is to generate advice and recommendations that will then be taken up by legislators, the executive, political parties, and other institutions for action.

๐Œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ, ๐๐Œ ๐€๐›๐ข๐ฒ ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐š๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐๐ฒ, ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ข๐ฏ๐ž, ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐งโ€™๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฒ ๐ซ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐ข๐ซ๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐š ๐›๐ซ๐จ๐š๐ ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ.

He challenged delegates that the real test of the dialogue conference will be whether it produces a new social contract that endures beyond the current political moment and delivers tangible benefits for future generations.

For me, the conclusion of the Ethiopian National Dialogue Conference marks a defining moment in my life. For the better part of two decades, I advocated for the type of dialogue that we are having now.

In February 2018, two months before PM Abiy was elected Prime Minister, I wrote a series of commentaries proposing an Ethiopiawinet-centered, grassroots dialogue and reconciliation process. I argued that only such a process could heal the wounds inflicted on Ethiopians by the Tigray Peopleโ€™s Liberation Front for over a quarter of a century, promote long-term national harmony, and avert a civil war. (Series accessible here: https://shorturl.at/YUWc4 )

I believe this Conference marks a pivotal shift from decades of zero-sum political conflict in Ethiopia toward a homegrown model of constitutional and social consensus. The maxim, “Ethiopian solutions to Ethiopian problems,” reflects my deeply held belief that genuine peace cannot be imported through external blueprints, NGO advice, or political quick-fixes.

By starting dialogue from the grassroots and engaging in Socratic, evidence- and knowledge-based inquiry into the root causes of the nation’s historical grievances, Ethiopians can finally achieve the peace, progress, and stability they have sought for so long. They can now renounce the use of violence and coercion, relying instead on structured conversation and compromise for their collective and mutual benefit.

Ultimately, the true measure of the conference lies in its capacity to transform the ideals of national unity (Ethiopiawinet) from rhetorical aspirations into actionable governance. As Ethiopia moves from consensus to implementation, the dialogueโ€™s outcomes provide a blueprint for reviving national pride and civic cohesionโ€”embodying the spirit of “Making Ethiopia Great Again.”

By choosing civil discourse over conflict, Ethiopians have laid a foundation where diverse perspectives converge under a shared destiny. Whenโ€”not ifโ€”it is translated into institutional reform, this historical Ethiopian experiment will not only serve Ethiopians, but also become an enduring model for conflict resolution across the African continent.

It must be said that all delegates at the Conference understand that the challenges Ethiopia faces are historical and deep-rooted; they cannot be solved overnight or in a year, but they can be addressed through sincere dialogue, collective responsibility, and reforms that are owned by Ethiopians themselves.

๐’๐ฎ๐œ๐ก ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š, ๐›๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š, ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š.

๐Œ๐ฒ ๐ก๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐จ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž.

๐’๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐„๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐€๐Š๐„ ๐„๐“๐‡๐ˆ๐Ž๐๐ˆ๐€ ๐†๐‘๐„๐€๐“ ๐€๐†๐€๐ˆ๐!

Originally appeared on X (Twitter)
https://x.com/AlMariam1/status/2087652723290185809

About

Professor Alemayehu G. Mariam teaches political science at California State University, San Bernardino. His teaching areas include American constitutional law, civil rights law, judicial process, American and California state governments, and African politics. He has published two volumes on American constitutional law, including American Constitutional Law: Structures and Process (1994) and American Constitutional Law: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (1998). He is the Senior Editor of the International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, a leading scholarly journal on Ethiopia. For the last several years, Prof. Mariam has written weekly web commentaries on Ethiopian human rights and African issues that are widely read online. He played a central advocacy role in the passage of H.R. 2003 (Ethiopia Democracy and Accountability Act of 2007) in the House of Representatives in 2007. Prof. Mariam practices in the areas of criminal defense and civil litigation. In 1998, he argued a major case in the California Supreme Court involving the right against self-incrimination in People v. Peevy, 17 Cal. 4th 1184, which helped clarify longstanding Miranda rights issues in criminal procedure in California. For several years, Prof. Mariam had a weekly public channel public affairs television show in Southern California called โ€œIn the Public Interestโ€. Prof. Mariam received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1984, and his J.D. from the University of Maryland in 1988.